Nicosias Municipal Theatre Collapse Structural Analysis

superior of Cypruss municipal Theatre Collapse Structural Analysis Property Building capital of Cyprus Municipal Theatre LocationMo useiou Avenue 4Nicosia, 1097, Cyprus Report battle29 March 2017Purpose of writingA morphologic narrative towards Nicosias Municipal Theatre later on its capital collapse by addressing concerns raised by the public with reference to its historical and pagan importance for its users.The report leave include studying the twists background and suggestions for the most appropriate reconstruction of the coer having in headspring its structural efficacy, the genuine shape of the expression before collapsing and its poppycocks.Points of interestRoof reconstruction during regaining.Weight of marque shear utilize ever soyplace steel beams exiting buildings strength.Materials used on the maestro picture and during refurbishment.Type of steel beams used its construction method, why it was chosen and its use backgroundRecommended actionsRe pair beams structure with original material, or suggest a new more sustainable one.Investigate what capacity went wrong and reform as necessary the collapsed jacket crown with particular attention to keep the original design always in mind.Thorough repair of whole animated breeze to restore the overall structural integrity of the twist.Remove tautological old structure re master(prenominal)s (a sensible precaution for future consideration). finishIntroductionEach building writes its own story and Nicosias Municipal business firm for half a century was a point of referencefor the island of Cyprus, and so it should remain. The Nicosia Friends Association considering the historical value of the commit obliges that the building is tag among the timeless places of the island that the Municipal Theater was, and should remain, a serious outbreak internal representation, educational, and frolic building for the country. It is an essential part of the citys story, one of the ca pital culture brooder unnecessarily deprived the last eight categorys.It is more than a melancholic and sad spectacle, the image of an substantial building abandoned and left to the benignity of time Such buildings are musical accompaniment organs in our culture, and shouldnt be allowed to collapse, be useless to stand as haunted corpses waiting for the bulldozer to demolish mercilessly, eliminating them from the map of a town There are almost buildings that have acquired life and soul because of the role they have played or continue to play within our own lives. Because the building is not expert a righteousnessal and aesthetic personality, merely in addition a cultural, historical and a point of reference landmark in the city.Despite all the possible errors in the functionality or controversial style that a building might have, it is mute comm all accepted benchmarks and objectively speaking important in our lives. The Municipal Theater of Nicosia, was a building th at was a living cell in the cultural pulse of the capital for years. Without doubt, this building, even several(prenominal) decades ago, when it was designed, was anachronistic in style. The exterior being a neoclassical housing, with pediment and columns, in contradiction with its modern for the time interior. But what is important is to realize that creating a building, we create an object that crowd out indeed be make from breathless materials but has life and character of the time used and operated by its people.This building was more than such an organic mechanism, as it was called by local anesthetics, the instrument for cultural activity of Nicosia for many years, the subject field where the Cyprus Theater Organization lived the greatest of glories, which thrived on the interpret of our leading actors, which hosted so many artists from all over the world. A place that hosted many outstanding and of high importance theatrical performances, political ceremonies, numerous working of world repertoire, musical performances by apex musicians around the world, and was the focus of cultural life in Nicosia.General reading Historical and Cultural BackgroundArchitectural Description and DrawingsIn describing the keeping references and drawings of the front, rear, left and right side elevations go away be used, section, plans and structural psychoanalysis drawings. (Still pending- under process))The property is a Theatre of neo-classical style that was build in 1966 and it has been used for theatrical and dance performances, musical concerts, and other political and national ceremonies. It has the capacity of 1220 seats, central ground floor sitting and balcony seats, but also contained teensyer dance studios and theatrical entrust rooms on the rear sides of the building, and dressing-rehearsal rooms at the rear back of the building and underground. On the underground you could also find all technical material and equipment for the theatres use. The main accommodation is on two storeys with a further cellar/ basement level below the rear part of the property. A marble cover faade occupies the front of the building but no damages occurred to it from the roof and structure collapse, nor cracks or decay signs.Cultural and Historical Background out front collapsing, the theatre was the main stage of the Theatrical Organization of Cyprus. As an nevertheless 50 years old building, its current structural and architectural stage raises several concerns by the locals, as it is considered a quite new, for its historical value, building. The Nicosia Municipal Theatre was designed by Pefkios Georgiades in 1966, a native architect of its time in Cyprus, and built in October 1967. It has not and been Cyprus Theatre Organisations (THOC) centre of performances but the first choice of use by foreign artists as well. In July 2002, the municipality had chosen the same architectural practice to revise the theatres restitution in order for a ny upgrades to take place, having modern needs and safety protocols in mind. In March 2005, the responsible for the renovation construction company had been chosen and contracts were signed (A. Panayides Contracting Ltd) with the refurbishment works coming into completion by November 2005 for a total cost neglect to reach 5,580,072. After less than 3 years time, in June 2008, Cyprus go through a disaster which could have been a tragedy, which could have caused a awed reference in the memories of the people of Cyprus for generations, as few hours before the roof collapsed there was a performance spillage on. The roof collapsed overnight on an empty theatre, few hours before a sold out, end of year performance, with the audience to be filled mainly with children and teachers. The fact that the roof structure collapsed only 2,5 years after the government expended nearly 6m on the buildings refurbishment is in any architects and engineers eyes a shocking, unexplained sequent, with many still wondering What caused the entire roof to collapse so soon after so much . money were spent on improving the structural integrity of the building?Structural Related InformationThe construction of the original design has been proven as conventional throughout and, from an optical examination, contained no rare detailing or materials which might arouse structural problems. The ministry of glossiness denied any access to the public into the details of the structural report. The public resolution included a statement saying only that it seems like the steel structures resistance, on which the roof was placed, was not evaluated correctly among other things. It also relinquish to that the structure failure occurred on a part of the roof where only a replacement of the crenelated atomic number 26 pieces of the roof and nothing to do with the support beams as any replacement or maintenance to them was believed to be needless. what is more it was said that the steel shears capability to endure the weight of what was going to be suspended from them was overestimated and wrongly calculated.The Inspective Committee stated as a final reason for the incident, technical reasons that caused the failure. In general, the buildings material where mainly local stone for the walls construction, concrete for the foundations, marble exterior facades, wooden interior wall facades and lastly steel for the roof structure with steel shears as the covering material. The beams structure used, according to the public structural report released to the public, was a combination of the Quadrangular Truss and the French Truss along with perpendicular Struts. A structure that can handle the shape and such function that the architect originally designed, for this kind of long spun structure of distance up to 60 metres long (197ft).This building has been a prime figure for Cyprus capital city, but yet was abandoned and left at its since then stage, ever since June 2008, when t he structure collapsed, with no plans for reconstruction of the roof, although there is a high posit by the majority of Nicosians, the municipality is under a legal fight over the incident in contradiction with all those guilty in 2010. They sued the contractor, architect and engineers and requested a full payment for the reconstruction fee, assessed to be about 4m to reinstate the theatre.From the information released to the public, it is known that the original design for the roof was made from Steel, a combination of the Quadrangular Truss and the French Truss along with Vertical Struts. The main reason was the big length span of the buildings roof and also knowing that steel trusses are usually made of multiplex angles, plates and eye bars, in order to create such shapes which are considerably modified in order to resist a tensile mental strain rather than a compressive stress. This system of truss arrangements allows fewer of its members to be in compression, and also, its shorter members are in compression and the longer ones in tension.Purlins are used to support the rafters of the structure, so the distance between the struts, because of the fact that the roof is cover with iron sheets, fixed on the purlins, should not be more than 5 feet apart from each other. This is the most economical and practical method of construction, as the number of braces used depends on the roofs inclination, span and shape.A plane tie was used to avoid bending of the laterals. Furthermore, raising the lowest accord should be considered, in order to substantially increase the tension in the truss members in need. The reason is because a truss with its lowest chord with a rise of two or three feet is better aesthetically and visually, and of course stronger, as by raising the bottom chord pull up stakes shorten the rest structure members, hence the more strength and forces will be distributed better.This specific structure was chosen for the roof of the theatre, hav ing in mind its span of 190ftwith spacing, from center to center, of 20ft. The roof was made with 28 beams, which would be back up by purlins at points seen above in the diagram, marked with letters A, B, C, D, E, and F. to boot a thinner steel sash was placed between C and D, for better light and ventilation to be allowed into the interior of the building when was needed. move marked with A and B was not part of the truss strength structure but they were placed there to be an additional corpse work to upkeep the elevated roof and the stresses.One of the suggestions proposed for the refurbished structure was to turn the roofs structure bottom chord in a segmental shape, which will give to it an elegant framework, but also more efficient proportions for such a wide span structure. The parts built-in between the junctions A, B, C, D in a Quadrangular Truss, are simply struts immaterial to the truss.In both above cases, original and suggested one, all members of this kind of truss a re made of several angles, to take up any tension or compression. The involved stresses in this Quadrangular trusses, due to weather conditions, should consider, according to calculations for the uttermost stress that might be created by any potential material choice or combination of loads for structures of 100 to 200 feet span.The cover songography of the site is unlike to might have caused any complications that may be machine-accessible to the incident, as there are no geographical problematic features which might have caused foundation problems.On the exterior, a small crack can be seen on the north side elevation, right above the illuminate floor windows, which is spreading down to the rear end of the wall until arrival the side door, which leads inside the theatre. Also, on the south elevation of the building, a cracking can be seen above the central beam, which spans until the top floor windows and also at the ground floor main windows. (Drawings to follow). No other ex ternal cracking of significance could be located that might have been caused after the roof collapsed.On the interior, a large cracking can be seen on the wall between the main stage and the sitting area and also in the corresponding wall above on the top floor gallery (sitting area). Even though the cracking is relatively small in scale compared to the buildings damage, it appears to be quite new, which makes it look like it was caused from the incident and not prior to it.The majority of the affected areas are those which have been lately refurbished.Historical structural steelwork handbook properties of U.K. and European cast iron, wrought iron and steel sections including design, load and stress data since the mid-19th century. W. Bates British Constructional Steelwork Association. London, 1984Stiffness of joints in bolted connected cold-formed steel trusses, Zaharia, Raul Dubina, Dan. Journal of Constructional Steel Research, 2006, Vol.62 (3), pp.240-249 Peer Reviewed Journal S cience Direct (Elsevier B.V.)rotational stiffness of cold-formed steel roof purlin-sheeting connections. Zhao, Congxiao Yang, Jian Wang, Feiliang Chan, Andrew H.C. Engineering Structures, February 2014, Vol.59, pp.284-297 Peer Reviewed Journal Science Direct (Elsevier B.V.)http//www.lawyersincyprus.com/el/article/roof-collapse-whos-to-blamehttp//www.cyprusedirectory.com/articleview.aspx?ID=2604http//chestofbooks.com/architecture/Construction-Superintendence/Chapter-II-Types-Of-Steel-Trusses.htmlixzz20ySOLRb5Architectural Association of Cyprus Official Report of misfortune ETEK Org