The Grapes Of Wrath: Description Al Joad And The Setting :: essays research papers

The Grapes of Wrath Description Al Joad and the SettingAl Joad is a fairly skinny guy of medium built who starts protrude being acocky, self-conceited character. His just justifiable reason for playing cockyis that his fellow, Tom, killed a man and went to jail. Al respects his brotherand thinks of him as a man for having killed another man. The fact of thematter is that Tom was only acting in self defense. After a man came afterwards Tomwith a knife, Tom hit him over the head with a shovel, and killing him in theprocess. Al would receive complements only over town from people who recognizehim and being the brother of a man that was a killer. As soon as Tom Joadcomes theatre from prison, Al is a changed person. He is no longer cocky and healmost resents his brother coming home so soon. As the Joad family is forced toleave their home land and travel to California, Al takes on a greatresponsibility. His affair is to drive the family and take complete care of thetruck that the y are driving. Al takes his job very seriously and gets upset whenanything happens to the car. Emotionally, I would say Al has become very strongthroughout the novel. He starts out jolly depend on the "glory" of his brother, unless he takes his responsibilities seriously. I cover Al as being a crucialcharacter later(prenominal) in the novel. He is the kind of person that needs motivationfrom the start, but once he gets going, he wont stop.Setting Description     Oklahoma could trounce be described as one large dustbowl. whole rainwater hasceased to fall. The dry wind wisps through the air and gathers dirt. If youlisten closely enough, it sounds as though there are people moaning wheneverwind is present. The heat is so humid that any source of water is dried up, andthe plants wither away. All of the corn crops are gone as well as all othercrops. The dirt is like sand it has no moisture or fertilization.

Darkness Illuminated

Since the conception of valetity, man has been fascinated with that presence which illuminates, in so far cannot be touched. earthly concernkind has brought it into his religions, giving it a great deal of grandness in his creed. Following in the footsteps of his ancestors, Nathaniel Hawthorne uses flatboat as a son of a bitch of God that illuminates the darkness of human iniquity and exposes its permanence. He studies the psychological root word of the impossibility of eradicating sin from the human heart in his novel The ruby- cerise Letter.The use of unclouded in order to fortify this psychological cornerstone confirms its significance in the novel. As though he were weaving an compute arras, Hawthorne meshes lights intense symbolism into his characters personalitys until a chef doeuvre manifests itself upon the loom of the contributors intellect. This tapestry serves as a subtle background upon which the characters sinful hearts are bared. As Hawthorne navigates the reader through the passages of his dark tale, one follows Hester as she goes to regulator Bellinghams mansion. Light is reflected by almost every aspect of the extravagant dwelling. with the narrators words, we see the Governors house as Hester sees it though partly muffled by a curtain, it the student residenceway was more powerfully illuminated by one of those embowed hall windows (Hawthorne 101). One can envision the brilliant sunlight streaming though the immense window, slicing through the facade of the Governors feigned sanctity. Is not simmpleness one of the fundamental tenets of the Puritan faith Yet Bellingham, the very soul that passed judgment on Hester and her sin is laid bare to the readers opened eye.Here, light shows Governor Bellingham to be corrupt due to his improvident lifestyle. In his genius, Hawthorne defines light not only as a presence, but as an revolutionize consciousness. Still acting as a tool of God, light seems to overhaul away from Hester when sh e tries to touch it. Pearl, in her inexplicable intuitiveness, says to Hester, the sunshine does not hunch forward you. It runs away and hides itself, because it is horror-struck of something on your bosom (Hawthorne 180).Although Pearl makes this comment concerning the ruby-red A, one may argue that the sunlight is actually afraid of Hesters sin, and not the red-faced A. In this case, light is used to prompt Hester of her sin and to bring it to the front of her mind as punishment for her adultery. not only does light show Hesters sin to herself, it shows her sin to others as well. uprise the end of the story, bawd Hibbins speaks with Hester, I know thee, Hester for I behold the token. We may all see it in the sunshine and it glows like a red flame in the dark (Hawthorne 237).By shining on the manifest reminder of Hesters sin, the sunlight screams to others of the scarlet letters noncorporeal counterpart her immorality. Though the scarlet A is intrinsically only a superfici al indication of Hesters sin, Mistress Hibbins goes beyond this surface detail when she says, I know thee, implying that she perceives the immutable nature of Hesters sin. Light can expose not only exterior indications of human sin, but can also make known the sin itself. Hawthorne leaves the reader with a crystal clear picture of how light is a inhumane reminder of mans permanent sin.It cuts, pierces, even shatters the masks which man tries to place over his sin. Man no longer falls on his knees in awe of the flagrant lightning bolt or the godlike rays of sunlight through misty clouds. He no longer regards light as a magical divinity to be worshipped. Despite this, Hawthorne again bestows upon light its original glory as a thing of God. Its role remains constant as an shower of iniquity, a spotlight lancing into the sordid darkness of mankinds damned souls.

A belief is knowledge if it coheres with other accepted beliefs Essay

Explain and illustrate integrity criticism of the view that a tactual sensation is knowledge if it coheres with other acquited beliefsCoherentism is the Philosophical idea that rights should non be looked at one after another. They should rather be looked at, as a whole. The viscidness theory female genital organ be effect into two parts. These argon the luculent theory of truth and the tenacious theory of justification.The coherent theory is that truth is different to justify belief. Truth is infallible. It is, what it is, that being correct. Whether it is contingent truth, which whitethorn, or whitethorn not, be professedly at a certain time or a universal truth, which is taken to be always true, everywhere.In demarcation the theory of justification, nevertheless involves beliefs although these beliefs build to be coherent when looked at unneurotic as a whole. As an example of this, we can look at the example of my Aunt groundless.An gasbag comes to my House. Howev er, thither is no letter internal of it. I come to the conclusion that the only person absent-minded enough to immobilise to put the letter inside the envelope is my Aunt Dotty. However, she lives in Exeter when expression at the postmark, I see it comes from Edinburgh excessively the handwriting on the envelope is not that of my Aunt Dotty.My theory that the envelope came from my Aunt Dotty, who just forgot to put in the letter does not cohere. The separate beliefs do not appear to form together in a coherent way. However, I also remember that my brother was taking my Aunt Dotty to Edinburgh. Furthermore, the writing on the envelope seems to be that of my brother. From this I come to the conclusion that my Aunt Dotty forgot to put the letter in the envelope, and therefore asked my brother to write the make do for her.I would be justified in my son youre a whale belief of this, as all of my beliefs relating to it fit together in a coherent way. However, that is not to say tha t my coherent belief is the truth. It may not be the truth. It is just a justified belief. This theory of coherent beliefs perceived and regarded as a whole is called holism.Coherentism dictates that if we want the greatest spirit of what could be considered to be the real world possible, then our beliefs need to be as comprehensive as possible. Furthermore, for Coherentism to work successfully, our beliefs must(prenominal) be non-contradictory and consistent.In traditional Coherentism it is not the confine that is justified, but rather the beliefs that make them up. It is from this that the nearly common flaw, with Coherentism is found.There may not be just one gravel of justifiable beliefs, relating to a certain number of beliefs. There can be multiple sets. Furthermore, internally all of these beliefs may be individually coherent.One example of this is the science fiction film. In such a film there can be m either coherent worlds. However, these worlds argon far from the rea lity of the perceived real world. The problem with the theory of coherency is that if we can only take one thing to be true as if there were more than one they would undoubtedly we contradictory it then follows that only one thing can be completely justified as being adequate to believe. In contrast in Coherentism, there can apparently be many sets of justified beliefs.In response, Coherentists betoken that there can only be one coherent set. F.H. Bradley, the note Coherentist, writesMy object is to restrain a world as comprehensive and coherent as possible, and, in order to attain this object, I have not only to reflect but to perpetually have to recourse to the materials of sense. I must go to this source twain to verify the matter which is honest-to-goodness and also to increase it by what is new. And in this way I must depend upon the judgements of perception.This shows that it is Bradleys aim to flummox the virtually coherent and therefore, hopefully, the only truly c oherent set. Richard Wollheim late goes on to say that Bradley thought that cohesion should be a test of justification, rather that a test of any individual belief.Although, only those that have some initial inclination or motive to believe in, so as a emergence of this tackiness has the function to discriminate within those judgements and to eliminate some in spare of others.In line with Bradleys defence of Coherentism is that of Jonathan Dancy. He says in general, if we find ourselves scrutinising something we believe, we retain it unless we find something against it, just on the grounds that it is a belief already.So, if we take Bradleys response, together with that of Dancy, we are shown that Coherentists do not intend for there to be multiple sets of coherent beliefs, as a result of the coherent theory. Rather, Coherentism is intended as a means of interrogatory existing beliefs, as well as those that can be subsequent added.Donald Davidson, another noted Coherentist, als o attempted to defend Coherentism. To do so, he gave as an example, the case of the constitutional vox. Imagine that there is a vocaliser of English, who comes across a group of people speaking a row that no one step upside of that group understands. The language is called L.How can our talker of English, the mathematical group representative, be able to understand L. Davidsons answer is that he will have to use what is called the Principle of Charity. The Principle of Charity dictates that the primary representative will have to assume that what the speakers of L say are true. That is to say, true by the standard of the stand Interpreter. The speakers of L and the Radical Interpreter have to share the same standards of truth in order to have something in common. If this were not the case, it would be difficult for the Radical Interpreter and speakers of L to see where they disagree.Although, even if they do share the same standards of truth, they may, however twain be wr ong. The question then arises of what guarantee the Radical Interpreter has, that his and the speakers of Ls standards are not mistaken.Davidson stages the answer to imagine an interpreter to our Radical Interpreter. This interpreter is the Omniscient Interpreter. If the Omniscient Interpreter is to successfully interpret our Radical Interpreter, then he must use the same standards of truth apply by our Radical Interpreter and the speakers of L. So the Omniscient Interpreter, like our Radical Interpreter, will have to assume that they use the same standards of truth. However, because the Omniscient Interpreter knows everything, it must follow that his standard of truth is true. Therefore, it follows that if the standards of truth used are roughly common to all parties, then neither the Radical Interpreter nor the speakers of L can be completely mistaken.As a result of this, our interpreter can assume that the majority of his basic beliefs are justified, as are those of the speaker s of L. It then follows that there can be no house to believe that there can be more than one set of coherent Beliefs. From this, Davidson believes the Coherentist can dismiss the cause against him.It seems that in the previous defences of Coherentism, the Coherentists have adapted there argument, to suit the criticism of those attempting to undermine it. That is to say, that they are adapting the argument to suit the focus of the criticism. For example, when criticised that Coherentism allows for multiple sets of belief, Bradley, showed that the aim is to have only the virtually coherent belief. This may show the simple sophistication of the argument. It allows for only the most coherent argument and therefore the most likely to be the truth, to be accepted. Rather, the Coherentist would normally only accept the most coherent argument, rather than the least.To give an example of this say I woke up one morning. My window was unshakable and my goggle box was gone. One set of coh erent beliefs is that I have been burgled and my television stolen. My Dad has gone, so he may be contacting the Police. Another set of coherent beliefs, may be that my dad has lost his mind and jumped out of the window with the television. One of these beliefs is more coherent that the other. My father has not record of mental illness, so I can suppose that we have been burgled. Although, both sets are coherent, one is more coherent than the other, so I accept the most coherent as my Belief.

Arnold’s Epochs of Expansion Essay

I am bound by my own explanation of connoisseurism a disinterested endeavor to learn and propagate the vanquish that is known and thought in the world (Leitch 824) said the squ ar-toed poet and dilettante Matthew Arnold. Matthew Arnold, an English poet and dilettante whose make for was both a representative of the romanticistic ideas and of the Victorian intellectual concerns later on was the primary literary amateur of his age. Arnolds hyper dilettanteal theories is highlighted mainly through his most substantial noviceal prose The contribution of Criticism at the Present Time in which he examines the eccentric of the amateur in society and presents his captious design. Arnolds theatrical role to literary scheme is his theories on geological eras of expansion and successions of concentration, which throughout the course of this render will be thoroughly explained. Matthew Arnold, a Romantic poet transformed into a tyro of the Romantic come on, contributes to the English critical theories, the concept of eras of expansion and sequences of concentration.Matthew Arnold, poet and critic was born on December 24 1822 in Laleham, Middlesex England and passed away April 15, 1888. He was considered the father of the modern reproach movement into the Objective Theory. Arnold was the eldest sensitives of Thomas Arnold, historian and famous headmaster of Rugby, and of Mary (Penrose) Arnold. Throughout the ascendent of Arnolds life he was educated at Rugby and thusly at Balliol College, University of Oxford, where he graduated. Shortly after Arnold graduated he was elective to a fellowship at Oriel, and after teaching a pocketable at Rugby he became a private secretary to the marquis of Lans toss offe. After becoming the private secretary to Lord Lansdowne, he was positive to inspector of schools, a position he held up until 1886, ii geezerhood before his death.During his term he went on a number of missions and harm of European school s. He was impressed by either(prenominal) of the educational systems that he wrote several holds about them as well. Arnolds literary go can be divided into four separate completions in which the initial period was in the 1850s where a large amount of his poems appe ared the plump for universe in the 1860s in which his literary criticism and social criticism emerged and the trinity universe in the 1870s where his religious and educational composes surfaced finally the twenty-five percent period being the one in the 1880s, where his second set of essays in literary criticism emerged. The fact that Arnold was born into an age that was shifting from the Romantics into the Victorian Age gave him a perspective of both ages in which he actually wrote in both ages.Arnold began as a Romantic poet merely write Romantic poetry and displaying the various Romantic intellectual ideas. Later on, Arnold switched into prose and began writing critical cooks in which Arnold became a critic of the Romantic Age and intellectual thoughts. Matthew Arnold was one of the most significant literary critics of his age. He was the prof of Poetry at Oxford from the time of 1857 to 1867, during which he wrote his first books of criticism, including On Translating homer (1861), Essays in Criticism (1865 Series 2, 1888), In the Study of Celtic lit (1867), and a number of former(a) books regarding criticism as well.In his first volume of Essays in Criticism, came Arnolds most significant critical lean in the name of The act of Criticism at the Present Time, in which Arnold examines the role of the critic in society and formulates the critical theory of an while of expansion and age of concentration. Arnolds essay suggests that the critics role is one of a personal and social nature but the critic must retain disinterestedness, according to Arnold, to produce a proper critique. Arnold wanted to lay down the rules for aesthetic art in his age he wanted them to clai m rules in order to produce a peachy anesthetic intent. Arnold too tried to establish an aesthetic realm and try the role of critics. thitherfore, Arnold wrote The Function of Criticism at the Present Time, which is an essay where he laid down his theory and where he argued for the central role of the critic in collecting and producing great literature.In Arnolds essay The Function of Criticism at the Present Time, Arnold asserted that criticism is a positive and stately task. Since, Arnold began as a poet and was a poet himself he gives some vehemence to the germinal abilities of the poet yet he also gives a great emphasis to the analytical abilities of the critic. Matthew Arnold introduced the concept of poetry as a synthesizing operation in which the poet synthesizes ideas and puts these ideas together to form a work of art. He also introduced the role of the critic being the analyst of those ideas. So, in other words, Arnold states that the poet collects the nurture an d the critic saturates or divides those ideas and by dividing and synthesizing these ideas there will be an esthetic process or dialogue in which the poets will see their work testd and view their lite points and try to synthesize new and omnipotent ideas.After the poet synthesizes newer and powerful ideas the critic because will take these ideas and break apart them, divide them, break them apart and talk about the strong and weak points in them, so this is a continual process of analyzing and synthesizing. Arnold gives the poet the productive efficacy and the critic the analytical ability yet, both of them are creators, one of them synthesizes and produces or creates and the other analyzes and by analyzing he introduces new ideas to the poet. The critic introduces new ideas to the poet by digest and discovery and by seeing the objects as they are and not as they are supposed to be. Therefore, the critic and poet are both mutualist on each other and need the other to fu nction well. Furthermore, Arnold hypothecate a theory in which the world of art passes through periods which are called epochs. There are two epochs epoch of expansion and the other epoch is an epoch of concentration.Matthew Arnold defined the epoch of expansion as a period in time in which the poets come up with new ideas, ideas that are very rare. Arnold believes that only the artistic world would pass through those two epochs. According to Arnold, the epoch of expansion was seen in two very important periods, the first epoch of expansion is Periclean A consequentlys, in which the greatest voices and works of Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides existed, and the second epoch of expansion is Elizabethan England, where the greatest voices and works of William Shakespeare, Christopher Marlowe, and Ben Jonson flourished. Arnold states that the significance of those periods in the history of art is because they formed many new ideas that were rare at the time. Therefore, according to A rnolds definition, an epoch of expansion involved the poet synthesizing and creating a creative work of literature from the intellectual cultural moments at the time into a great work of literature.Arnold also defines the epoch of concentration as the epochs in which the critics find the good use of the ideas introduced in the epoch of expansion and they analyze it, and by analyzing them, they come up with new ideas to present to the poets. In other words, the epoch of expansion consists of numerous new ideas that are emerge up and many sources in these periods that when they pass, the critics look at them, break them down, analyze them and then produce new ideas. The critics role would be of a rational nature in which he analyzes the object or work of literature. Then after the epoch of concentration presents the new ideas to the poets, another epoch of expansion comes to life by the poets in which they synthesized and put together newer ideas from the outline of the critics i n order to present a newer epoch of expansion.Time then passes as well and the critic takes those new ideas, breaks them down again, and analyzes them to come up with fresher ideas. Furthermore, the critics and poets are working one after the other, and each epoch completes the next by displaying its features. Yet, in the epoch of concentration, the criticism produced must maintain its independence of the practical spirit and its aim. (Leitch 822) This quote in simpler words states that the critic should be an unbiased individual that does not let his emotions, thoughts, or any action in the country at the time to influence his analysis and that the analysis presented is based solely on the work of art presented to him. Therefore, the critics role in all branches of knowledge, theology, philosophy, history, art, science is to see the object as in itself it really is. (Leitch 806) The critics work later on influences the creative powers of the poets creativity and therefore precipita tes the creative epochs of literature. (Leitch 808) Arnold states that the great displume of the epoch of concentration was England and the greatest voice of this epoch was Burke.The objective theorists made it their transmission line to drift away from the Romantic values and establish their own equal to the Expressive theorists and their rebellions against the Neoclassicists. Therefore, they gave the critic a stronger role in producing great literature, which was not given by previous and older theorists and theories. Hence, Arnold aid that a critic is as important as the poet in this artistic process, which is very equal to horse parsley Popes ideas. Arnold also stated that the critic ought to have a disinterested way of looking at the world, being native and not subjective, but objective.Therefore, some of Matthew Arnolds influences on his theories were of Aristotle, in the emphasis of the synthesizing process of the poet as a creative creator. An influence of Burke in referencing that the poet is a creative force and the critic is a rational force similar to the concept of Imagination and Judgment. There is also the influence of Alexander Pope in relating that the role of criticism is a positive and noble task and that the critic is as important if not more important than the poet himself. Finally, one more influence would be that of the Pragmatic way of assert that criticism should be a neutral task and not biased.There is no doubt that Arnold influenced numerous individuals with his critical concept that one of those influenced by Arnold is T.S. Elliot, in the manner of replacig the Romantic emphasis on spontaneity, originality, and novelty with the new focus on history, culture and tradition. Elliot also presents his critical work The Function of Criticism being derived from the same title Arnold used in his critical work The Function of Criticism at the Present Time. Arnolds criticism also had a major impact on the work of writers such as Wa lter Pater, Oscar Wilde, George Eliot, Henry James, Thomas Hardy, and even George Santayana, and Wallace Stevens. Another critic influenced by Matthew Arnold is Harold Bloom, a critic who expresses a lofty disregard for Arnold.Matthew Arnold, therefore, defines criticism as involving flexibility, openness, to new experiences, and curiosityHe insists, too, on the free play of mind. (Leitch 805) at heart Arnolds definition lies the concept of an epoch of expansion and an epoch of concentration being interdependent and related to each other. This view contributed to laying down the roles of each the poet and the critic as being the creative and rational individuals who synthesize and analyze great works of literature. Criticism might praise authentic elements of literature, but must maintain dissatisfaction with the whole as long as it falls short of the fullness of spiritual perfection. (Leitch 822) The critic is therefore the propagator of art, culture, and society. Through the cr itics work, fresh and true ideas are observe and passed into the world in order to shape and influence the creative mind. Without criticism, the point of creativity and progress would be detained, according to Arnolds thoughts.In conclusion, Matthew Arnold, a Romantic poet transformed into a critic of the Romantic Age contributed super to the Objective theorist approach to criticism. This contribution is presented through his great prose work The Function of Criticism at the Present Time, in which, the critical concept of an epoch of expansion and an epoch of concentration is presented. An epoch of expansion being an era, in which a poet creatively synthesizes an intellectual cultural moment into a great work of literature and the critic therefore in his epoch of concentration, analyzes this work disinterestedly and presents the weakness and strong points of this, therefore presenting fresher and newer ideas to the poet to be taken in consideration.The poet therefore, takes those ideas and applies them to the later works, which presents the interdependent relationship of both the critic and poet. This concept later on influenced a number of writers and critics and their works and contributed super to the modern critical theory. I believe that throughout this research paper, I benefited a lot from the information researched and presented and understand Arnolds perspective and theory to an extent that I can agree to his theory of the critic and poet being codependent on each others.

Role of Language and Script in Raising the Religious Revivalism

Role of Language and Script in Raising the sacred Revivalism in colonial Punjab aYESHA TABBASUM The phrase played the significant role in the creation of identities among the accept communities in pr-parathion India. The Urdu vocabulary had developed as a ballpark wording among all the communities and was, in the absence of a common religion the North-western Provinces and various part early(a) parts of the subcontinent. I. H. Qureshi, History of the Pakistan,(BCC& vitamin A Press Karachi, university of karachi2006) 807.Language Controversy between Urdu and Hindu Although it was religion which was the key delimitate feature of Moslem identity, the Urdu spoken communication was an outstanding symbolism. For Hindoos, eject for the phantasmal communities, the symbol of religion had to be played d have got to avoid alienating other major(ip) religious communities. However, despite linguistic pluralism, the Hindi nomenclature remained an important symbol in the const ruction of the Hindu identity for the Hindu fellowship.Tariq Rahman, linguistic communication and government in Pakistan,(Karachi, oxford university press 1996) 60 As in compound Punjab Hindu patshalas,which taught mantras and basic knowledge of the shastras, Islamics Quran schools, and Sikhs statemental institutions which taught the sacred school text of Sikhism, the Granth ,and the Gurumukhi Script of the Punjabi language apply by Sikhs. The stand read verbalise language of north India in the British period was referred to interchangeably as Urdu, Hindi.Paul Brass, language, religion and politics in north India (Cambridge Cambridge university press, 1974), 129 further its was written in divergent book of account as Urdu was written in Iranian script speckle Hindu community procedured it in Hindi for everyday communication purposes was generally written in Devanagri, also known as Nagri. as Urdu was incorporated various Arabic and Persian words while Hindi drew on Sa nskrit was cited by Hindu nationalists as trial impression that Islam was foreign religion in India and there language should be the language of country.Vickie Langhor, Colonial education system and facing pages of local religious movements the cases of British Egypt and Punjab,(Cambridge university press,2005) 174 But it was the feature that Urdu language being used by Hindu community of north Indian. Till 1931 many Hindu in compound Punjab were literate in Urdu instead of Hindi language. Before the partition of India, during the compound Punjab Language and script construct the major source of division among the major communities of as Hindus Muslims and Sikhs.Ever since the beginning of the 11th century Northern India was remained under the Muslim rulers. During different periods different Muslims rulers ruled at different times and different dynasties spoke diverse languages as Afghans spoke Pushtu and Turks Turki and the Mughals spoke the Persian, Sikhs of the Punjab A cult ure of Confrontation and political mobilization, Dr Sarfraz Khawaja, (Islamabad, Pakistan modern book dept, 1985) 41 As it was the fact that in the period of the later Mughals, Urdu and Persian both languages were the court languages.When British succeeded the subcontinent they continued the same languages as the court languages. Shan Muhammad, the growth of Muslim politics in india1900-1919 (New Delhi, shish publishing house, 1991) 35. These languages were understood, also spoke at extended scale, still natives languages were also spoke by the native communities as Hindi, Punjabi Pahari Hindustani. In which Urdu and Hindi both languages were the sort of native and foreign languages Two sides of one fall Hindi Urdu, or Urdu HindiAs Hindi and Urdu were both names of one language script differentiate between them it called Urdu when it written in perso-Arabic script (both languages were associated with Muslim community) and when written in the Nagari script (associated with Hindu community) there were some lexical and phrasal differences. Yet the twain names for one language were much used for the same language and its literature segmented into parts generally on the basis of script and religions. S.Settar, Indira BaptistaGupta, Pangs of partition vol ?,(new Delhi Manohar publisher,2002. ) 34. Punjabi Hindu community used Urdu language as the language of commerce, journalism and administration. Urdu language was also the major language of literary expression not only in Muslim community in Hindu community as well in British Punjab while Punjabi was the spoken language. Atamjit Singh, The languages divide in Punjab South Asiatic Graduate Research Journal, 9Achadmic of the Punjab new America) Volume 4, No. , spring 1997 Colonial government language policy in Bihar and its after effects Urdu was mixture of Persian, Arabic and Hindi Punjabi. As this spoken language soon become to be written in the Persian and Arabic languages language. Urdu gained the as f unctionary language status after the abolishment of the Persian language in various provinces of the northern India so at 1842 lord Lawrence confirmed that the use of this language (Urdu) is rapidly spreading among all the ranks and is becoming a knife Franca Abid41Till the 2nd half of the 9th century Urdu not only became a miss language further also symbol of Muslim influence and government agency But In 1837 Persian language had been replaced by Indian vernaculars and Urdu was introduced as the vernacular of the vast tract of country known as Hindustani language, not only in Bihar and NWP and portions of central as well, However governance did not want personalized Urdu to be used as the vernacular. An dress of 19 April 1839 declaredThe pleading and proceedings be recorded in lucid intelligible Oordoo, and that the natives ministerial officers do not merely thumb a hindoostanee for a Persian verb at the end of sentence Tariq Rahman, language and politics in Pakistan,(Karach i, oxford university press 1996) 62 As various colonial officers discourage again and again Urdu language they were in the favor to judge Hindi as the vernacular language of the Hindustani peoples. The managing director of public instruction stated in his report Indo-Persian of the courts has no raisondetre except as a remnan and reminiscence of mahomedan sovereignty Abid 62.In 1872 sir Gorge Cambell, Lieutenant regulator of Bihar, approved order in which Urdu replaced by Hindi language in the courts of the province and this order was strictly imposed in 1880 by Sir Ashley Eden. Abid 62. As Hindi language was not pure one language moreover the blend of the many natives dialects of north India in its widest perspective it could be take for granted that Hindi language spoken in Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and the Colonial Punjab. Dr Sarfraz Khawaga, Sikhs of the Punjab A study of confrontation and political mobilization, (Islamabad Modern book depot, 19 85. 43. As Hindi language had written in Nagari or Devengri script. The Nagri or Devangri alphabet originated sometime in the 11th century AD. initially developed to write Sanskrit it later circumscribed to write with several other languages. The name Devangri is made up of two Sanskrit words Deva, which means god, Brahman or celestiai and nagari, which means urban center. The name is diversely translated as script of the city, heavenly/sacred script of the city or script of the city of the god or priests.So for Hindu community Hindi language purged of all Persian and Arabic accretion which served to remind them of Muslim community ascendancy, As Devanagri script had a religious importance for Hindu community since it was the character which Brahmans used and in which Sanskrit books were written. So due to the religious association Hindu community insist to colonial government in various provinces that Urdu written in Persian script must be replaced by the Hindu with its Devanaga ri script.To fulfill their rent they presented the reason that (Urdu language was an dental amalgam of Persian and Arabic languages -and it -and it was forced upon us by our former rulersbut it was by no means accepted by the peoples at largeno Hindu gentlemen would ever condescend to educate his female in Urdu language and Persian because the books written in these languages are usually obscene. opus by the north western province and qudh provincial committee of education commission, (1884) , 490. quated by Dr Sarfaz Khawaja op. cit, 72.Pro Hindi script activities of Hindu community and Muslim chemical reaction Pro Hindi agitation traveled from Bihar to the other provinces due to the two main reasons as showtime when British replaced the Urdu language with Hindi language this close provide the courage to the Hindu community due to this decision later Bengali Hindu community started protest in Bengal. second then when Fateh chand established committees to press for Hindi langu age. Pro-Hindi movement quickly spread in Hindu community of the north colonial Indian.Then pro Hindi agitation travelled from Bihar, Bengal to other provinces such as NWFP. There was quashed materialisation occurred a failure to introduce Devanagari in the colonial Punjab and NWFP. Jaswant Singh, Jinnah India-partition-independence (New Delhi Rupa publisher, 2009. ) 41 Muslim reaction towards Urdu Hindi controversy in colonial Punjab Enforcement of Hindi language became a cause for grievance amongst major religious communities as Hindus and Muslims in various parts of indo-Pak Subcontinent. But in colonial Punjab arose for the very first time in 1882.Paul R. Brass, Language, Religion and Politics in North India (London Cambridge university press,1974),287 The demand of substitute of Hindi language in davanagri script for Urdu in Persian script in colonial Punjab by urban Hindu community was not only cause the Hindu Muslim communal conflict. But pro-Hindi campaign, Devanagri scri pt form Punjabi Hindu community and protective activities of Punjabi Muslim community for Urdu language was pushed the both religious communities to protect and promote interest of their own communities.

Environmental Safety Essay

What would exceed if employmentes ignored hearty responsibility? what would happen if environmental safety was non considered? The world would be full of cyanogenic elements and wastes. Businesses have to ensure brotherly responsibility as part of the orderliness. Social responsibility is the involvement of a vexation in loving matters to ensure increase safety, entire services,employees good health and the general societal training. As Lance says, Businesses have an responsibleness to the community (Besser, 2002. 13). This, a personal credit line should do alongside the real aims a argumentation was set up for. They are therefore said to be interdependent with the companionship.For a business to accomplish affectionate responsibility, a brotherly issue has to be identified, analyzed therefore implemented thus responding to the development of the association (Besser, 2002). IDENTIFICATION at that place are so m both affable issues a business has to deal with, f or example employee issues just to ensure employees good health and good working conditions,legal issues that demand for operation harmonise to the rule of law, economic issues that requires production of quality and safe goods and services, and the honest issues that considers ethical matters in a society (Hughes and Kapoor.9th edition). The main issue in this watchword is environmental safety. This is classified as a legal issue however domiciliate as well be an ethical issue since the society is not asleep (Hughes and Kapoor. 9th edition). Harming the community is not acceptable and a business would never have success with that. The society will rebel, and who would deal with such(prenominal) a business anyway? Do you think a society would need goods and services from a business that does not put into friendliness there health and well existence?environmental defilement has endlessly been a barrier to good business and customer relationship if in any case a business does not handle that carefully. For a business to ensure success among other managerial duties, it has to implement programs to deal with the social issue and ensure safety by preventing and reducing contaminant. This kind of pollution can be through many ways from a business. When it is an industry, there could be air pollution due to the toxic gases produced during production processes. There could also be air pollution due to radioactive materials in spite of appearance the company.environmental safety mostly deals with businesses that produce toxic materials and waste to the environment. bungle products therefore also pose a broad threat to pollution if not disposed appropriately. The other is water pollution due to toxic waste dumped to water sources (Environmental breastplate Agency, 2008) . ANALYSIS A business has always to consider its managerial integrity, the ethical values, the philosophy of operation as well as commitment to organizational competence when traffic with a social issue (Besser, 2002).Analysis is a tough area for the business plus considering how it will implement it. But there is a governmental organization, with the control systems that help the businesses meet the requirements for social responsibility. For the environmental issue,the U. S Environmental Protection Agency offers guidelines and compliance programmes to various pollution prevention methods (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Therefore a business has just to analyze the sources of pollution deep down it and what likely can cause pollution and look for control methods from the Environmental Protection Agency.There are various ways pollution can occur, through water, air, air and radiation, and wastes (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 ). The business should look for the guidelines, requirements, and any methodologies for all source of pollution from the business. IMPLEMENTATION Good management is required for the success of a business. Just as stated before, one of the managerial duties is dealing with social responsibility. A business has to draw out a figure in order to implement this. Programs with the steps for implementation are unalike and are used on preference.Just like the advocates of the social reactivity program prefer their program due to certain beneficial factors to them (Besser, 2002). A business therefore has to select that program which it prefers based on its own reasons of benefits. One of the steps to implementation is the three concentric rafts of the CED. This includes the inward circle, that deals with the economic responsibility ensuring quality and safe products and the provision of jobs and services. The intermediate circle which ensures the business policies and practices are consistent to the societal values.The last circle which calls for the business to work towards community development. A second program with steps that could be used is the social involvement program. This program does not believe i n social responsibility as the advocates refused the name of social responsibility before. They prefer social responsiveness and therefore has activities that deal with the consequences due to the businesss activities in the process of accomplishing their mission of economic function to the society. This therefore ensures product quality and safety, reduced and prevented pollution of the environment thereby meeting social requirements.A third program is the Carrols category of social responsibility. Carrols program is based on the views that the society expects more than economic duties by the businesses. The steps are in order of importance, with economic responsibility being the first, followed by the legal issues then ethical and lastly discretionary responsibilities that demands for social improvements. The ethical issue requires a business to conduct its activities in an ethical manner. Legal needs production following the rules of law (Besser, 2002). For a business to ensure e nvironmental safety, it can choose from either of the programs. creation that the national safety standards for the environment are already set by the Environmental Protection agency by the United States government. Implementation then is done. Social responsibility, has to be part of the business. Good relationship between society and business leads to more sales therefore more profit and the big blessing is successReferencesBesser T. , 2002. The conscience of Capitalism-Business social Responsibility to communities. Greenwood publishing group. IOWA U. S Environmental Protection. Compliance and Enforcements retrieved from http//www. epa. gov/compliance/business/? cm_sp=ExternalLink-_-Federal-_-EPA

Discuss Media Influences On Prosocial Behaviour Essay

Pro-social demeanors atomic number 18 actions which aim to abet others. For example, helping, sharing and feel for for others. It seems as though the media can incur a plus nub on individuals. It can have an influence on professional-social doings, and there ar different explanations which help us to understand how the media does it. Being exposed to pro-social behaviour is one way in which the media can have a imperious effect on people. Essentially, this explanation postulates that when people are exposed to pro-social behaviour on TV and other sources of the media, they then(prenominal) become influenced by it.For example, if a character in a TV programme does something facilitatory, this explanation would argue that the person, who is exposed to this pro-social behaviour, would be affected by what they are seeing and this would then mean that they will copy that pro-social behaviour and also become helpful in real life. Greenberg carried out an analysis of popular c hildrens programmes in the US and found that there were an equivalent number of pro-social and antisocial acts.This shows us that the media does provide us with pro-social acts and it also shows us that we are exposed to these pro-social behaviours flush though at times we whitethorn not be cognisant of it. Woodard carried out a inquiry which showed that 77% of childrens programmes in the US contained pro-social messages. So, according to this explanation, anyone, who watches these childrens programmes, would be exposed to the pro-social acts and then they would copy the pro social acts and display them in real life situations. However, having said that, this research is ethnocentric as it was carried out in the US.This means that we cannot generalise the results to the perch of the population as it is culturally biased. For example, in other parts of the world, children may only be exposed to antisocial behaviour in TV programmes and yet they still behave in a pro-social way. T his, therefore, raises the question as to whether or not the media can actually have a positive effect on individuals who are being exposed to pro-social behaviour-it might righteous be the persons personality that is causing them to show pro-social behaviours sooner than the media influencing that person.One strength of this explanation is the fact it is realistic to an extent. For example, it seems realistic that if a child is exposed to pro-social acts on TV, they would then get influenced by what they are seeing, and this would then lead them into copying that pro social behaviour. There has been a lot cases where children, who have watched programmes such as Bob the builder, have copied what they have seen in these programmes and then used what they have witnessed to help their friends and families to solve a problem.Another strength of this explanation is the fact that it can have a positive effect on parenting as this explanation can help parents to understand that what thei r children are watching can influence the way in which they behave. For example, parents may become cautious about what their children are watching on TV- they may encourage their children to watch TV programmes which contain more pro-social acts and little antisocial behaviours and this could potentially mean that their children may display more pro-social behaviours afterwards on life.

Cambridge Syllabus With Qns

There will be no avouchment specifically asking for examples it is assumed that they will form a internal part of the response. both(prenominal) questions will require specific reference to capital of Singapore and Singapore issues. The paper will consist of a mixture of necessitate questions and statements that be intended to kick up a response from the candidate. The latter should provoke thought, rather than just acceptance of the assertion. Whilst some questions may appear to digest a particularly topical flavor, this is the result of chance, not design, since questions be redact headspring in advance of the year in which any inclined examination is taken.Of course, candidates are able to make hire of such cloth for the purpose of relevant illustration, but any attempt to spot a presumable topic for a given year is unlikely to prove lend oneselfful. The form of the Questions The Principal Examiner submits a selection of proposed questions, covering a drift of to pic areas. These are then scrutinized by a panel of sr. Examiners / Moderators for comment / hinted changes or modifications. The purpose of this is to ensure balance and to avoid any possible misunderstanding Or ambiguity in the wording that could wrong candidates.The Principal Examiner reviews the first draft in the light of the to a higher place and submits a second version of the Paper which is discussed and finalized at a showd avouch with the Subject Officer and the Scrutinizers. All questions are equally weighted. There is no credit given to a response to a question solely beca phthisis it may be deemed more difficult. For the sake of rarity in the Paper, dissimilar wrangling / phrase are used as question prompts e. G Discuss, Do you agree? , To what extent, Is it fair? , How far? . There is little or no difference in the demands of the question depending on the prompt that is used.However, key words to note are always, never, every, all, and any other words that seem to suggest an extreme position, or one that offers no alternative view. This is a exceedingly unlikely situation and such words or phrases should be challenged. Some Thoughts on the work of English The Principal Examiners report for the past a couple of(prenominal) years has stressed the point hat Centers and Candidates appear to be well aware of the demands of the Paper, but that it is the quality of expression that is the clearest discriminator between scripts.The Reports assume also listed the recurrent nature of the problems to be found in weaker scripts. Essentially, these cogitate to a) subject / verb agreement b) confused and insecure use of tenses c) incorrect use of prepositions d) incorrect use of speech communication / common confusions e) certain recurrent Structures, especially Although Because . Candidates some sequences seem to rely on stock words and phrases. Whilst this can hang retain students, it can also detract from a sense of a confident personal voice.N othing can replace the experience of developing verbiage in context through broad reading of quality texts. Candidates are given credit for what is termed felicitous expression and examples of good vocabulary and phrasing are acknowledged with a tick in the text. This often acts as an indicator when assessing the Use of English mark that a script is approaching the top band. Nevertheless, this only applies if the use of such vocabulary forms part of an overall fluency in the writing. A simple style does not have to be simplistic.Poor control, leading to a breakdown in sentence structure, is the greatest reason for a distressing English mark. By simply varying sentence openings, and ensuring that economy of language is achieved, a good mark can be gained for use of English. The use of jargon, especially when addressing economic and social issues, has already been raised. These are not necessarily undesirable, as long as they are explained and form part of the candidates own indivi dual style. Introductions are very important and examiners are asked to make a brief comment on the Opening to each essay.An effective foundation shows an immediate awareness of the central issues of the question, defining any difficult words, or ones that require clear parameters for the purpose of the discussion. Often, however, candidates waste too much time in defining unnecessarily simple ideas, such as a school or a business. Of course, it is useful to give a brief invoice of the different types in each case, but there are occasion when an over-pedantic attempt at definition merely blurs the introduction, rather than clarifying the circumspection that the essay will aim to pursue.

Fahrenheit 451 Lit. Notebook

Phi Cao Carlin 1 English IIK 30, January 2013 1. Character Clarisse Quote I sometimes think drivers dont know what grass is, or flowers, because they never see them densely, she said. If you showed a driver a green blur, Oh yes Hed say, thats grass A pink blur Thats a rose garden White blurs argon houses Brown blurs cows. My uncle drive slowly on a highway once. He drove 40 miles an hour and they jailed him for two days. Isnt that funny and sad as well as? (1. ) Analysis As Clarisse and Montag meet for the first time, she asks a series of mystic questions that no one in the dy dismissia would ever even think of. The statements and questions boasting how wise she is and how there are precise few people worry her in this companionship that can actually see the enjoyments in manners and nature. She attempts to make Montag understand that this world they live in, everything moves so fast, they need to slow down every once in a while and calculate the simple frolics in life.B ecause their society is overtaken by technology they are persuade that it is the only way to make them happy. Quote Are you happy? (1. 10) By asking a simple question like this, it challenged Montag to think beyond his usual capacity, thinking outside of his normal life. Hes began to render thoughts about his definition of true happiness. He starts to realize hes not truly happy, thats why it took him a while to serve to her question. This inverted comma by Clarisse is one of the most important quotes throughout the story.Without this quote, Montag wouldnt doubt himself about his true happiness. 2. Symbols Fire Quote We shall this day loose such a candle, by Gods grace, in England, as I trust shall never be put out. (1. 40) Analysis As the old woman whose house was about to be burned payable to her love for books, she screams to Montag about Master Ridley and playing the man. As the story continues, Beatty reveals to Montag this quote said by a british man named Latimer. Aft er critically thinking Montag learns that there are things in the world hat are worth living and dying for which no one in this society is willing to do. For the woman it symbolizes unyielding strength, determination and dedication. Quote The fire was gone, whence back again, like a winking eye. He stopped, afraid he might blow the fire out with a single breath. just the fire was there and he approached warily, from a long way off. It took the bump part of fifteen minutes before he drew very close indeed to it, and then he stood looking at it from cover. That grim motion, the white and red color, a strange fire because it meant a contrastive thing to him.It was not burning. It was warming. (3. 145) Analysis Throughout the whole story Montag proverb fire as nothing but destruction and he took pleasure into book burning at the beginning. So now seeing that this char as a nice warming home for him, it begins to make him question. This belittled warm-felt fire began to make him see what hes been so uninformed about all along. Burning books wasnt the solution but the problem. He then reconsiders about what Clarisse said about firemen. What if his job was really to stop burning books and rather than starting them?

Prescribed Diet Essay

INTRODUCTIONThe customs duty is coming since long back the food people taking depends upon the systems of the local, neighbourhood and influenced by the patents and guardians. The people atomic number 18 accustomed to arrive the food that casing only and they do non want to change their food and it is caused to augment of fat, cholesterol, excess charge etc. Taking of such food attachment of blood pressures, heart strokes and other diseases. The main(prenominal) suffers will be the family members. It is not ends with the person it extends to next generation also because the same jeans to the children. There should be some cut of point and it is now itself.IMMEDIATE REMEDIESThe people determine their diseases and troubles by analyzing the diseases and started to get relief from the diseases by making exercises, taking weight passage pills. The medical industry so increased that one of the main source of income from weight loss pills. The manufacturing companies of pharmaceu ticals and research wings concentrating more clipping with pressure how much they can release the weight loss pills with breach quality to give best results.The concentration is so much that they argon giving less importance to even other products for which the interest of biotic community countered. Variety of exercising equipments released by giving various advertisements stating the weight loss can be made using of such of exercise equipment. The conjunction simply following according to the advertisements and acting based on the advertisements. remainderThese argon completely linked with and based on the food. The people are not identifying this thing and they are following with the advertisements. What is the main cause all for such things? Taking of the imbalanced food. Each body of ours differs other. But we are taking the food what mother feed and what father taken and habituated to take that food only which attracts all such diseases. At this juncture everybody involv e to change their food according to their body.The change of food, balanced diet emphatically influence on the body. Everybody goes to the consultants for weight but instead they should go initiatory of all NUTRITIONIST for prescription what type of food their body needs. In the present scenario, even the government should give wide publicity on nutrition whereas the Society involved and benefited at large.

Gender Identity Disorder

Gender Identity Dis enact/Gender Dysphoria Gender identity element element roughness (GID) or trans innerism is defined by strong, persistent feelings of identification with the other sexuality and discomfort with ones own assigned sex. (Psychology directly) Due to a recent stir to the Diagnostic and Statistical manual of Mental Disorders, or DSM, Gender Identity Disorder result be replaced with Gender Dysphoria. For the purpose of this paper those two legal injury will be interchangeable.This paper will explore the symptoms that lead to a sexual urge identity disquiet diagnosis as well as the treatment accomplish and obstacles a person with this disorder may face. It is a difficult bear upon and is not honorable aboutthing somebody would endure unless they truly believed they were meant to be the opponent sex. Symptoms of a person with gender dysphoria can vary from person to person save there is certain criterion that must be met in order to obtain that diagnos is from a licensed professional.Some of the criteria in children embarrasss Repeated uttered desire to be the contrary sex or that they ar the opposite sex, discomfort and/or disgust of own gentiles, cross-dressing for boys or masculine dress for girls, prolonged preference for cross-sex roles in play and games or fantasies of being the opposite sex, desire to only have friends of the opposite sex and belief they will grow up to be the opposite sex. The symptoms for an adult with gender dysphoria is somewhat different because they are of age and able to effectively communicate thoughts and desires.Some of these symptoms include persistent discomfort with current sex, stated desire to be the opposite sex, frequent attempts to pass as the opposite sex, desire to get release of gentiles, social isolation, depression and anxiety. The only way for a proper diagnosis is to be evaluated by a licensed clinical psychologist who specializes in gender identity issues. Once a diagnosis i s reached what is treatment like? handling includes counseling, group and individual, hormone therapy, and if elect, gender reassignment cognitive process. Individual, group, family, and couples counseling can ll be requisite to help not only the GID patient cope and come to terms with the person they feel they were always meant to be. There is also a cyberspace of people that surround that person that will also be stirred by this diagnosis and decision. Individual therapy is suggested for the person who is gender dysphoric and authorization if they want to take further steps in treatment (hormone therapy, reassignment surgery). host counseling has also been found to be of great benefit. It gives the GID patient the competency to explore the diagnosis in a safe environment with partners similar situations.Family counseling for family members that are involved in that persons feeling, and if in a relationship couples counseling could also be a useful tool. Hormone treatment is used to enable a safe gender transition, both physical and emotional. It is usually part of a multi-stage process that can also include Real Life bonk (cross dressing), hormone therapy and gender reassignment surgery. But it must be noted that some individuals opt to stop with hormone therapy and not go on to change their anatomy permanently.Hormone therapy is when sex hormones are administered to bring out secondary sexual characteristics. For example a male who desired to be female would be administered estrogen and a female who desired to be male would be administered testosterone to enhance sexual characteristics of the opposite sex Sex reassignment surgery, gender reassignment surgery is a procedure that changes a persons external vene trustworthy organs from those of one gender to those of the other. (Frey, 2006) A person must be deemed a transexual with gender dysphoria before reassignment surgery is even considered.A transsexual is a person with gender identity disorde r who has overwhelming desire to change anatomic sex. (Ford-Martin, 2011) Other criteria may include recommendation by 2 mental health specialists trained in gender identity issues or sometimes a team of specialists, undergone hormone therapy successfully for at least one year, living real brio/ cross-dressing for a minimal of a year, deemed emotionally stable and medically healthy or at least existing conditions being treated and controlled. Whatever treatment is chosen is just the beginning of the journey.There are many ramifications a person with gender dysphoria faces psychological, social, and religious. According to local psychologist Dr. Gerald Ramsey, Ph. D. in his book Trans-Sexuals Candid Answers To Private Questions he states Transsexuals from some religious backgrounds have grown up with the admonition that oddity is a mortal sin, punishable by fire and brimstone. These individuals believe they are putting at risk the future of their souls facing not just the loss of family and friends, but the ultimate judgment of God, which may include phantasmal annihilation.To confront, explore and challenge such beliefs takes incredible personal energy and faith. (Ramsey, 1996) As you can see a diagnosis of gender dysphoria affects all aspects of life from potential loss of friends and family to learning to interact and live as the real you. In this paper we discussed the symptoms of a person with gender identity disorder or gender dysphoria. We also went through the different courses of treatment link to this disorder as well as the potential obstacles encountered.The process is life changing and isnt something taken lightly. Bibliography Gender identity, disorder diagnosis dictionary. (2005, 10 24). Retrieved from http//www. psychologytoday. com/conditions/gender-identity-disorder Frey, R. (2006). J. Polsdorfer (Ed. ), Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (3rd ed. ). Ford-Martin, P. (2011). L. Fundukian (Ed. ), Gale Encyclopedia of Medicine (4th ed. , Vol. 3 ). Ramsey, G. (1996). Tras-sexuals- candid answers to private questions. (p. 80). Freedom, CA Crossing Press.

The Consumer Product Safety Commission (Cpsc)

First of all we be pull to providing the latest, safest, most purposeful, learning toys. Our first office is to all of children and we take that responsibility very(prenominal) sombrely. Id handle you to be aware that one of our most general products, has recently been clustered with the field of magnetised toys that pose a jeopardy to children. A full understanding of the quality and composition of toys w charge champion our customers make an informed decision in regards to the safety of this product.According to the Consumer convergence Safety Commission, numerous children have been seriously injured after swallowing magnetic toy components. These magnets have been reported to cause significant damage to corporeal organs and even death. Magnetic construction toys are incredibly fashionable (not to mention fun), and I hope that this issue does prove to be very limited in its scope. In the meantime, while other manufacturers work to check into the safety of their produc ts, parents should show just ab aside extra due diligence.Make veritable that you are only giving these toys to children who meet the recommended age guidelines (usually 6 and up). As you know the embedded magnets in these older models detach because they are uncapped. The waxy around uncapped magnets looks flat and is at the same aim as the magnet. The full surface of the magnet is exposed. The safer capped magnets, which were produced after the recall, are held in by a rim of plastic. This plastic cap rises above the level of the magnet and contains the magnet from above.If a child swallows or inhales more than one detached magnet, the magnets can attach to each other internally, causing potentially fatal intestinal perforations and blockages or serious lung injuries. Emergency surgery is requisite to remove at last refer to the todays articles more or less our product I really concern about the comp each and affect you to replacing the product on retail shelves. If the CEO didnt pay any attention, what would you do? If my CEO didnt pay attention to my concerns and warning, refer to the CPSC rules ill report the bad quality of the products.And then try to give some tips for the safety of the children to their parents from the media. Actually ill do as a whistle cetacean mammal for Mega brands company. What is whistleelectric fan? In US employment law, a whistle blower is an employee who reports illegal activities of the employer. Various acts and statutes afford protection to the whistle blower against employer retaliation. supererogatory whistle blower acts also protect specific groups such as federal government employees and members of the military.Collectively these are called whistle blower laws. From the investors perspective, a credible whistle blower whitethorn signal that there are serious management issues at a firm, which could create significant liabilities. The whistle blower, however, is typically protected even if the allegation prov es false, as long as the whistle blower believed the reported activity was illegal. Whistle blower claims that sire to light must therefore be evaluated with care. The term whistle blower is sometimes written as one word, whistleblower.Refer to Consider the social class 2004 In that year, according to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC), an estimated 210,300 toy-related injuries were treated in U. S. hospital emergency rooms. Of those, 35 percent (72,800) involved kids under 5. You may want to observe these guidelines when choosing toys, and share them with anyone who may be buying gifts for your children. rebelliously the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) should have more and more military force to prevent the companies for produce such a dangerous and deadly toys like this.The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) must be very unbending about their rules and laws, specifically, in advance production and manufacture a toy or any hazard instruments and facilities. Before any companies selling their products they should send a sample to CPSC for testing and assurance them of good quality. If any of the products comes out and doesnt have the standards of CPSC, they should strictly recall the products and fine the company for their anomalistic and non-conventional toys. The penalties should be serious fine, Prevention of production and shutting down he factory.Recalls are a solution of last resort. Once products are in consumers homes, few consumers attempt about the recall or are able to take the products out of their homes. The better solution is to ensure that products are safe before they fleet our stores and our shores. In addition, the CPSC recently released its quarterly historical summary of all recalls. The outgrowth suggests strongly that what the toy industry called last years line remains a big problem, and underscores the urgent need for Congress to quit action on a strong CPSC Reform Act before August recess of this year.

Home Environment and Academic Performance Essay

Nigerian environment is associated with declassified problems entangled with impoverish pop awaylook and being devoid of most(prenominal) recent facilities and infrastructure that could sustain an urban empyrean. This is clearly manifested on the standard of lively and the contribution of the people towards national widenment. This circumvented problem in the verdant beas has indecent effect on the students faculty member performance. It is imperative therefore to exhume the associated rural problem that affects their faculty member acquisition with the prevailing order in the upbringingal arsenal. Most often than not, there has been persistent cry about the dry land of intellectual attainment in the naturalise system. This cry does not include only students performance in the rural area but in the urban as rise.see more shoal facilities in the philippines skirts according to Oxford Advanced dictionary is the natural conditions the likes of land, air and water, i n which people, animals and plants live and as well as circumstances affecting their life. Environment can be physical or psychological. Physical environment deals with cloth aspects such as infrastructure, availability of resource facilities. The psychological environment includes the hearthstone, indoctrinate confederation and significantly other people in our lives such as parents, peers and siblings. The quality of our home is very significant near seduce a history or tradition of formal education and modern sours, while somewhat are not so well equipped. The gadgets, resources and facilities in some(prenominal)(prenominal) types of home allow for influence the naturalizeing processes of children born in these homes. Studies hold in shown that if a child lives in an impoverished environment for the introductory 4 years of life, he is likely to lose as m all an(prenominal) as, in reading knowledge and skills, general knowledge and skills. The environment provid es the necessary conditions for both physical and intellectual growth. The African child has often been hand lie by ill-health, pretermit of motivation, nutritional deficiencies, and unfair criticism. This hampers his intellectual development considering as such treatment invariably result in negative self-concept. family line is where the child, the parent or guardians live and from where the child set out to and fro to schoolhouse. abode is first enduring environmental factor in promoting readiness for school work in the child. This is because parents or guardians in the home are children first teacher. From the day a child is born and begins to hear, he or she begins to develop literacy as parents and other caring adults and pre-school teachers speaks, play, sing and read to them. As a child he moves from infant to toddler and then to preschooler, he learns to be able to read, write, listen and speak. Early literacy development is a significant calve of preparing childre n to achieve pedantically. Basic literacy activities that are associated with childrens engagement with texts and success in reading were identified by literacy look into workers (Dickinson and Tabors, 2001 Wasik and Band 2001) includes oral language development, which includes accommodate reading, phoneme awareness activities (acquired through nursery rhymes jingles poetry, and books that contain words with rhymes). And exposure to alphabet. The influence of parents especially, Mothers on children early literacy acquisition and subsequent school achievement is well documented in numerous studies (Trusty, 1998, Yan & Lin 2002 Godden & Ray 2003). query shows that great parental involvement in childrens learning positively affects the childs school performance including higher(prenominal) academic achievements (Mc Neal1999 Scribner, Lin 2003) and greater social and emotional development. Parents not only provide corking learning experiences, and through talking with the ch ild, sharing experiences and teaching but to a fault do to organize a childs learning experiences. Also, children with richer home literacy environments license higher levels of reading knowledge and skills than those low academic exposures. Psychologists have alike discovered from various studies that heredity goes a farsighted way to doctor a childs intelligence and consequently the level of his academic performance in a given environment. Those children whose parents are noted for higher intelligence quotient are bound to inherent such traits through catching transfer and such children are sometimes referred to as a lop off of the old block. In conclusion, parents contribute a lot to the academic achievement of their children in school, it is assumed that students from homes that do not have interest for education tend to perform short(p)ly in their subjects like chemistry, Biology, English Language, Mathematics, Igbo language, physics. This is because they lack encou ragement and incentives from parents which affect them negatively. Therefore, the home is expected to provide a good atmosphere to enhance students learning.Statement Of ProblemMost people necessitate the view that home environment of a child affects his academic performance. Today, most parents are not highly involved in early academic acquisition of their children. In the home mothers are the first teachers, they are carefulness giver and minder of the child during the critical period of their development, though fathers do as well (Brim hail and West, 1997 Gadson and Ray, 2003). The problem arises from the fact that the jobs of so many parents are so demanding and this may explain why they do not have ample time for their children. Some parents are either uneffective or refuse to provide the basic need of the child payable to the socio-economic attainment existing among the various homes in highly civilized areas and this also affect the academic performance in the school. Ma ny conflicting views have been expressed by various authors as the factors that are responsible for this poor standard of academic performance of secondary school students. While some blame this poor performance on the disposal inadequacy in fulfilling all its obligation towards education. Others maintain that teachers are responsible for this state of affairs.The thrust of this project is to critically examine and analyze the effect of home basis on the academic performance of students. Though this research carried out elsewhere, little or no effort has been made in the past tense to carry-out this research in Enugu North Local Government of Enugu State. This work test to investigate how the role played by the home, directly or indirectly affects the students academic performance. To investigate this therefore, the following leave behind be considered What is the mystery surrounding the disparities in performance of students from different homes, learning under the same schoo l environments? Does the socio-economic status of the home have any considerable influence on students academic performance? What effect does the learning environment has on the educational achievement of students?Purpose Of Study1. To determine the result of the effect of socio-economic status of parents on students academic performance in some selected secondary schools in Enugu North Local Government Area. 2. The study will look into the academic status of the parent and find out whether it has any considerable influence on the students academic performance. 3.It will also consider to what extent the status of parents (at homes) provides visual aids for meaty education achievement. 4. This will also examine how the school and home community influence the academic performance of the child in the Secondary school. conditional relation of the study.This study will give the government and parents the opportunity of knowing from the usual how to deal with problems arising from home in relation to education. It will help the school and policy makers to find out the effects of home on the academic performance of student in secondary schools. The finding will also be of benefit to both teachers and guidance counselors in their respective preparedness for instance, establishing a family between the academic qualifications of parents, marital set- up of home, parents and children relationship and the academic performance of students. The study will go a long way to letting the authorizes concerned to be aware of the effects of socio-economic background on the students academic performance.Scope of study.This research on the influence of the home background on the academic performance of students is carried out in Enugu North Local Government Area of Enugu State. There are about fourteen (14) secondary school in this local anesthetic government area. However, as a result of time factor, finance and transport constraints the researcher could not go round t he secondary school in the local government area to carry out the findings.Consequently, ten (10) secondary were sampled, where the research beliefs could get authentic data for the project

Women’s Prisons / Correctional Facilities

History regarding the disciplines of incarcerated wo manpower has dictated that at that place is such inequality with regards to versed preferences in the criminal arbiter system. Even prior to 1870, the society has enacted upon an forbidding outlook regarding nonconforming women. Crowded in unsanitary, small and terribly refresh rooms in mens institutions, incarcerated women were horribly abused by priapic guards and by the whole system of the place itself. Through the years, the call for upward(a) this system has been heard and acted upon by the g everywherenment.Today, al about every state in the country has erected their own penal institutions for women which atomic number 18 also administered upon by staffs and officials in which the majority argon women. However, even if improvements regarding these implementations shit been accomplished by the government, on that point is still a clamor regarding indifferences with mens and womens equality in correctional facilities . LESS CONCERN FOR WOMENS PRISON/CORRECTIONAL FACILITIES Due to the dominance of men with regards to the number of incarcerated population than women, more studies are provided for men than for women.Due to this, on that point have been numerous unrecognized concerns regarding women and their system of imprisonment. Back in 1993, there was a conference that tackled this matter regarding incarceration of women and they entrap out many conclusions that resulted from a detailed look at the matter. Officials of the National Association of Women Judges, which poised here last weekend for its 15th annual conference, cite a number of court-ordered studies that taken together portray a kind of inherent bias against female convicts in criminal- justice and corrections systems around the country. (Hinds, 1993). They plunge out results that the number of female population has tripled in number over the past decade that there is a deficiency for more rivet regarding the number of jails and prisons and also improving the system as well. They also found out that states have lesser number of alternative prisons for female offenders who are nonviolent, compared to male nonviolent offenders. Findings were also tracked regarding the matter that women tend to have a longer serving time than women due to the fact that they are placed in less crowded facilities than men.A nonher point that draw concern was that most states only have so few prisons that most women are moved far away from their homes making it harder for their families to visit. Another matter is that prisons for women provide lesser job-training programs. Vocational training is also very hold in leaving female inmates to choose between few options such as clerical work or homemaking. Adding up to these, studies also showed that women are not adequately taken cared of health-wise. at that place are only few states that purport obstetrics and gynecology. Hinds, 1993). CONCLUSION Inequity towards incarcer ated women can be pinpointed out one and only(a) by one with the help of critical analysis and comprehensive study. unless with lack of interest regarding this subject matter, the concern for a study of women and their incarceration system has become bleak and overshadowed by the huge concern for men. though both genders commit criminal offenses whether minor or major, there must(prenominal) still be equal considerations or specific characterization with regards to the system.There can be many examples of this dark side of the criminal justice system, for instance, many social systems for incarcerated people are all planned and based on the mens point of view. The health care system, the pregnancy considerations, the design of the structure relating to women, and other female concerns are less addressed. There is a need for further studies of this matter to achieve equal considerations.

Buss Plan Essay

Secondary markets c. Tertiary markets d. Prospective customers 8. Proposed places 9. Action Plans a. strike out awareness action plans b. New location action plans c. Organizational anatomical structure action plans d. Remote locations action plans e. Local advertisement action plans f. price issues action plans g. Competition with industry leaders action plans 10. Sales projections a. demoralised b. Optimistic c. Realist 11. Exhibits a. Materials approachs b. Sample Rent Comparison c. Vanilla Cupcake Cost Breakdown d. Coconut Cookie Cost Breakdown e. Sample Media incline f.Sample Vegan Recipes g. New York Times Article 12. Appendix Executive digest Executive Summary The proposed company, Bon Bon Appetit, is in the early stages of development. Bon Bon Appetit testament be a redundantty bakehouse, focused on providing organic, vegan, and gluten-free baked goods to the community. It is expected that the majority of receipts in the first year will be derived from in-store ret ail purchases. However, erst the bakery has established a good reputation within the community, its primordial revenue will most likely be from custom orders for special events.Bon Bon Appetit competes in a sub market of the baked goods, desserts and health sustenance industries. Competition will range from large supermarket bakeries, such(prenominal) as Publix or Sweetbay, to smaller independent bakeries in the community. Bon Bon Appetit will be able to round most itself apart by offering superior ingredients, hard-to-find specialty items and exceptional flavor. Since Bon Bon Appetit will be able to differentiate itself from its supermarket competitors, it will not be agonistic to rely on low cost pricing. This will enable the bakery to maintain a decent profit margin in a drawing industry despite the competition.Thorough analysis has shown Bon Bon Appetit to possess triune strengths in terms of utilizing sociocultural desires and trends, meeting needs of under-served speci alty consumer markets and pickings advantage of Tampa verbalises growing population. Weaknesses for Bon Bon Appetit arise in overcoming consumer stereotypes about health food not tasting good and in line of business expenses. Tampa true laurels most desirable locations hold extremely high up rental rates, which means that the bakery would be unable to survive unless it achieved smashing success quickly.Overall, Bon Bon Appetit shows good potential as a local business, disposed that its weaknesses are addressed in a way that minimizes their negative encroachment on the bakerys bottom line. Compromises on the bakery location which allow for lower overhead, but in appurtenance maintain visibility and peck traffic, could be the difference between success and failure for this business. Situa tion Anal ysis emplacement Analysis Gluten-free foods pushed through the recession in 2009 to achieve a globose value gross sales growth of 11 share, according to Euromonitor Internat ional.The same ancestor too found that in 2009, gluten-free food registered global value sales of $2. 3 billion and also accounted for 27 percent of food bigotry sales. Bakery products, which traditionally are the most affected category of food, undergo half of these sales. Gluten-free products were originally intended for mess with celaic sickness, who experience a redoubted intolerance to gluten. Recent reports from Packaged Facts suggest that many stack who have not been formally diagnosed with celiac disease have chosen to distract gluten because of a self-diagnosed allergy.The findings of the report show that only 8 to 12 percent of gluten-free consumers predict that they or nearone in their household has celiac disease or gluten intolerance. Packaged Facts predicts that the gluten free market will continue to grow in the next five years, approaching $5. 5 billion by 2015. Current pop culture is creating a new perspective on veganism. Oprah Winfrey and her 378-person staff recently took on the challenge of eating vegan for one week, and also committed to Meatless Mondays at the Harpo station.Vegan authors, Kathy Freston, Kim Barnouin and Rory Freedman, have landed at the leave of many book lists in the past few months and have also made a number of television appearances touting the benefits of a vegan diet. In addition to the increased popularity of special diets, demand for organic food products has increased rapidly. An condition published by CNBC noted that in 2003, organic food sales at the retail level totaled $10. 4 billion, according to Katherine DiMatteo, decision maker director of the Organic Trade connecter. According to the Organic Trade Associations 2010 Organic Industry Survey, U.S. sales of organic food and beverages have grown from $1 billion in 1990 to $24. 8 billion in 2009. Market/Company Situation Bon Bon Appetit bakery will first and inaugural provide delicious baked goods, with an emphasis on healthful indulgence. By p roviding organic, gluten-free and vegan baked goods, the bakery will expand its market beyond that of a typical bakery. These specialty offerings will encourage brand loyalty in target markets normally excluded and ignored. The increasing popularity of gluten-free, vegan and organic food is the core bonus for creating a bakery like Bon Bon Appetit.Other specialty bakeries exist slightly the country, but no such bakery has established itself in the Tampa Bay area. Most well-established and successful vegan bakeries are situated in young, urban areas, such as New York Citys BabyCakes, Portlands Black Sheep bakery or Ashevilles West End bakery. Of Tampas population of 4,094,530 people (as of 2009), 49 percent have completed at least some college and 41 percent are under age 34, according to the Tampa Bay Partnership. Females make up 51 percent of Tampas population, according to ESRI, Inc.These demographics indicate strong potential for a specialty bakery, since young and educated peop le tend to be more likely to be interested in health foods and alternative lifestyle options. For example, according to a study conducted by the Vegan Research Panel, 69 percent of American vegans adopt the lifestyle forwards age 24, and 78 percent of American vegans are female. The 2008 Food institute Report also concluded that, In general those with more educational activity and income are more likely than average to try to eat healthy.

Notes for Final Paper

Do non change the font and do non instal in any punctuation or other marks in the answer sheet put unless the garner choice of your answer. Also, do non put any spaces beforehand or after the letter you enter as your answer. Be surely to turn off the mechanical completion function of cell entries. On the Tools menu, suction stop Options, and then click the Edit tab. Clear the Enable Autoclave for cell values take in box. Please put totally your last name on the purpose Sheet in the by writing it in the yellow space. 1. With calculate to the court of justice, adequacy of term means A.The court volition adjust the servant if the value exchanged is un uncontaminating. B. The amity exchanged essential(prenominal) be merely equal in value. C. The court doesnt attending about value as long as the mutual assent is valid. D. The consideration exchanged must be resolveably c pull away in value. 2. Bill gets many washstandnonball along tickets. His friend Ron told Bil l that he would conciliate Bill $300 if he did non get a ticket for nonpareil year. Bill group very cautiously for the close year and did not get a ticket. Is Ron obligated to pay? A. Yes, be vex Bill gave up a legal remediate found on the agreement.B. No, because $300 is not an adequate amount ground on Bills detriment. C. Yes, because a promise is a promise and consideration has energy to do with this agreement. D. No, cause Bill suffered no detriment in this agreement. scalawag 2 of 6 LAW 421 Quiz 3 7. 01. 14 3. Excursions Inc. (Excursions) uniform 300 kayaks from Seaf arrs, Inc. (Seafarers), with delivery to be made on April 20. The kayaks ordain utilize during the future season. Under which circumstance may Excursions claim anticipatory debunking? A.The popularity of kayaking has suddenly decreased and Excursions isnt sure it can use 300 kayaks during the upcoming season. B. The cost of kayaks has tripled owing to worldwide demand, lowering Seafarers profit margin. Yet Seafarers insists that it bequeath honor the stupefy with Excursions. C. Excursions have found another manufacturer that can provide less expensive kayaks of the same quality as Seafarers kayaks. D. Seafarers only manufacturing plant burned down on January 1 5, yet Seafarers insists that it testament rebuild the plant and honor the assume with Excursions. 4.Ronald assure with Quality Hotel (Quality) to require a room for a weekend while at a credit line meeting in the city. The contract with Quality required a $50 desexualise with the remaining balance due on conk out-in. The deposit was nonrefundable unless the reservation is cancelled at least 36 hours prior to check in. The mean solar day before he was to eave for the resort, Arnolds boss environed off the business meeting. Ronald called Quality, canceled the reservation, and demanded a refund of his deposit. A. Ronald leave alone get the refund because of impossibility of performance he cant attend a busi ness meeting that isnt going to be held.B. Ronald provide get the refund because of frustration of purpose his intention was to attend a business meeting that is no longer being held. C. Quality is not required to provide a refund. D. Ronald will get the refund because of impracticableness he doesnt need a room to attend a business meeting that isnt going to be held. 5. capital of Minnesota contracted with Dan to buy just about land on behalf of Developers, Inc. Developers told Paul to use Palls own name and not to disclose to Dan that Paul was inventing for Developers. Paul signed the contract in his own name only. Developers ref apply to honor his arrangement with Paul.A. Paul is presumable, but may sue Developers found on failure of loyalty. B. Paul cant be sued because hes only an agent. C. Developers has no liability to anyone since his name was never disclosed. D. Paul is likely, but may sue Developers based on indemnification. 6. Which of the following is not an excepti on to the employment-at-will doctrine? A. An employee is working under an implied employment contract. B. An employees termination violates a public constitution or statutory right. C. An employee is terminated but has stock excellent evaluations and the employer cannot upkeep game a reason for the dismissal.D. An employee is working under an express employment contract. rogue 3 of 6 LAW 421 Quiz 3 7. 01. 14 7. whopping lash Inc. ( big(a) Box) was hiring a auspices guard for one of its stores. On its application, Big Box asked whether the applicant had ever been arrested. Bob applied for a think over at Big Box and answered no to the question. He also answered no to a question asking if there was any reason that he would not be qualified to work as a security guard. Soon after Bob was hired, he eat up a customer. It was discover at trial that Bob had been fired from numerous Jobs for abusing customers and other offenses.If the customer sued Big Box A. Big Box would no t be liable because it made a good faith effort to screen applicants by specifically asking about past indiscretions. B. Big Box would not be liable because Bob was supposed to control customers. C. Big Box would be liable for negligent hiring. D. Big Box would be liable for negligent retention. 8. With regard to whistle blowers A. Every situate law protects somewhat(prenominal) political sympathies and private employees from retaliation. B. Employers may terminate whistle-blowers if they can prove a reason for termination item-by-item of retaliation for the whistle blowing. C.There is no federal whistle-blower act. D. Based on the employment-at-will doctrine, employers may terminate whistle- blowers without proving a reason independent of retaliation for the whistle blowing. 9. Rupert hired Calvin to drive a car to a site 75 miles away. Rupert specified the route that Calvin was to take and told him to be sure to arrive by 430 pm. On the ay, Calvin became hungry and dogged to stop to eat. He had plenty of time to stop, eat, and still make the deadline. He went too eatery that was three miles off the route that Rupert had specified. Calvin did not call Rupert to ask for permission.On the way to the restaurant, Calvin failed to stop ATA red light and hit Cams car. surface-to-air missile sued Calvin and Rupert. A. Rupert will lose because Calvin was on a frolic, so Rupert is liable B. Rupert will win because Calvin was on a detour, freeing Rupert from liability C. Rupert will lose because Calvin was on a detour, so Rupert is liable D. Rupert will win because Calvin as on a frolic, freeing Rupert from liability 10. tour accepted a new Job. Which of the following is not a contract condition associate to that Job? A. Adam will receive a bonus provided that he obtains 25 new clients within 30 days. B.Dams medical and dental benefits will start after he has worked for seven months. C. Dams salary will be $1,200 a week. D. Adam cannot set out work until he passes a drug test. 11. The IRS has developed a three-part test to determine an agents status. Which of the following is not an part in this test? A. Whether the working relationship is pen or verbal B. He type of working relationship between the parties C. Behavi unwritten aspects of the parties D. The financial arrangements between the parties Page 4 of 6 LAW 421 Quiz 3 7. 01. 14 12. Ernie worked as a delivery driver for a local anesthetic fast food restaurant.His duties consisted of making deliveries along a designated route. One day Ernie decided to visit his friend, who lived 8 miles out of his delivery route. While operate to his friends house, Ernie injured a pedestrian, Alvin. The accident was caused because of Ermines negligent driving. Alvin sued both Ernie and the restaurant for ain injuries. Under the circumstances A. The restaurant is never liable for the negligent acts of its agents. B. The restaurant is liable under the doctrine of respondent superior. C. The restaurant is not liable because Ernie was on a frolic of his own. D.Alvin can recover damages from both the restaurant and Ernie. 13. James wanted to have a pool build at his house. He called Patio Construction, Inc (Patio). When Patio came to give James a value, it did some soil tests and discovered no problems. Patio quoted $1 5,500 for the pool. However, when it begin excavating for the pool, Patio discovered solid rock few feet below institute level. Patio stopped work and informed James that, due to the rock, it will have to use explosives to remove the rock and that the cost of the pool would this instant be $18,000. A. James is under contract and will have to pay the new price. B.James can have the contract discharged based on impracticability. C. James can have the contract discharged based on frustration of purpose. D. James can have the contract discharged based on impossibility. 14. Jake advertised his scooter for sale. The scooter doesnt start soft in damp weather. Adam was looking for a scooter to use at his home, which near the seacoast, which he told Jake. Jake say nothing. Adam bought the scooter, brought it to his house, where Adam often had agitate getting it to start on damp mornings. A. Jake has committed a fraudulent misrepresentation because he withheld a material fact.B. Jake has not committed a fraudulent misrepresentation because Adam didnt specifically ask if the scooter started easily in damp weather. C. Jake has committed an innocent misrepresentation because he didnt state a lie, but only withheld all of the truth. D. Jake has not committed a fraudulent misrepresentation because silence cannot be considered a fraudulent misrepresentation. 15. In which of the following scenarios would enforcement of specific performance be appropriate? A. You ordered a stereo from an electronics store and a few days later it breached by not ordering it from the manufacturer.B. A store agreed to order a laptop computer for you, but breached its contract with you by canceling the order the next day. C. You ordered 50 cubic yards of crushed from a local store and it breached by not delivering or making the stone available to you. D. You contracted to buy an antique clock to add to your art collection but, disrespect the contract, the owner refused to denounce at the last minute. 16. Which of the following is the true avowal? A. Apparent authority is based on what the principal communicates to the agent and not to the third party. B.Actual authority must be expressly created and cannot be based on custom or past dealings. C. Actual authority must always be expressed in writing. D. Ratification applies to previously unlicenced acts. Page 5 of 6 LAW 421 Quiz 3 7. 01. 14 17. Jim contracted with Gardeners Inc. To plant some trees in Jims back yard. Jim was to purchase the trees. The contract with Gardeners was solely for planting. Payment was to be 25% at the time that the work commenced and 75% once the Reese were plan ted. Jim purchased the trees and paid Gardeners the 25%. Gardeners began work.When Gardeners was half way through and through the Job, Jim changed his mind about having trees planted, so he refused Gardeners access to the yard. If Gardeners wanted to swipe the contract and be paid for work completed, it would sue for A. Consequential damages. B. Compensatory damages. C. Restitution. D. Liquidated damages. 18. Marine, Inc. denote a canoe on sale. The normal price is $1,250 and the sale price should have read $950, but the advertisement stated $750. Sam went into the tore and demanded to purchase the canoe at the advertised price of $750. Which of the following is sort out? A.The court will adjust the consideration, if the value exchanged is unfair. B. The court doesnt care about value, as long as the mutual assent is valid. C. The consideration exchanged must be exactly equal in value. D. The consideration exchanged must be reasonably close in value. 19. In which of the following situations is the agent not liable should the principal breach the contract with the third party? A. Agents are liable in all theatrical situations B. Undisclosed authorisation C. Partially disclosed agency D. Disclosed agency 0. Bobby entered into a contract with Eddie. Subsequently, Bobby assigned his rights in that contract to Jake.Which of the following would not prevent that assignment? A. The contract contains an anti-assignment clause. B. The assignment would materially alter Eddies duties and cause an increased burden or risk to Eddie. C. Eddie protests the assignment and demands that Bobby not make the assignment. D. The assignment would violate public policy matters. 21 . Which of the following is the ruff explanation of the parole evidence rule? A. Oral agreements may be used to change a nett written contract if the closing written entrant isnt exactly conforming to the pre-contract agreements. B.Written contracts with ambiguous terms are automatically void and canno t be corrected. C. Written agreements may be used to change a final written contract if the final written contract isnt exactly conforming to the pre-contract agreements. D. A written contract is the final expression of the partys agreement and may not be contradicted by oral or written agreements made prior to the writing. 22. Ralph was a driver for usher out Appliances, Inc. (Discount) and made deliveries to customers. One day, Ralph negligently secured a fridge on the back of his truck and, hill driving, the fridge fell out of the truck and hit Jims car.Which of the following is correct? A. Both Ralph and Discount are liable. B. No one is liable, it was an accident. C. Ralph is liable, but not Discount. D. Discount is liable, but not Ralph. Page 6 of 6 LAW 421 Quiz 3-7. 01. 14 23. Richard called Jeff asking him to referee a game. Jeff is not obligated to work the game. If Jeff accepts the assignment and works the game, he would be told the time of the game, he would be required to wear an approved uniform, and he would be paid a fee. Once at the game, Jeff would be in complete control. Jeff is considered a/an A. Principal. B. Independent contractor. C. Agent. D. Employee. 24. In which of the following situations will the court enforce a contract? A. Kevin offered to sell his boat to Dave for $12,500. Dave replied that was too lots and tell, Ill give you $10,000 for it, Kevin said no. The next day Dave called Kevin and said, l accept. B. Kevin offered to sell his boat to Dave. Dave asked for 24 hours to decide and Kevin agreed. At midnight, the boat sank, although neither Dave nor Kevin knew it sank. Dave called Kevin before the 24 hours was over and said, l accept. C. Kevin offered to sell his boat to Dave.Dave asked for some time to decide and Kevin gave him until 700 pm. At 500 pm, Dave saw Adam painting the boat and was told that Kevin sold it to him. Dave called Kevin at 600 pm and said l accept. D. Kevin offered to sell his boat to Dave. Dave asked for more time and Kevin said you may have until 1100 am the next morning. Dave gave Kevin $150 for him to keep the offer open to him, which was nonrefundable. Kevin died during the night and, after hearing that Kevin died, Dave called Sevens heirs at 1000 am the next morning and accepted Sevens offer.When Paul came home from work, he found that all the snow from a recent storm had been remote from his yard. An hour later, a boy came to Palls door to collect payment for the work. Paul refused to pay him because he had never seen the boy before, nor had he hired him to do the work. Which of the following is accurate? A. This is an implied, unilateral contract, therefore, he must pay. B. Paul received unjust enrichment, so a quasi contract was formed and he must pay. C. Paul would not have to pay anything. D. To be fair to both parties, the court would make Paul pay the reasonable coos